scratch
美 [skrætʃ]
英 [skrætʃ]
- v.划伤；挠；取消；刮坏
- n.划伤；搔痒；刮（或擦、抓）的刺耳声；挠痒
- adj.仓促拼凑的；无让杆的；无差点的
- 网络刮伤；刮痕；扒
第三人称单数：scratches 现在分词：scratching 过去式：scratched
scratch
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用指甲挠rub with your nails
1. | [t][i] 挠，搔（痒处）to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching |
John yawned and scratched his chin. 约翰打个哈欠，挠挠下巴。 | |
The dog scratched itself behind the ear. 狗用爪子挠挠耳后。 | |
Try not to scratch. 尽量别挠。 | |
She scratched at the insect bites on her arm. 她挠了挠胳膊上虫咬的包。 |
划破皮肤cut skin
2. | [t][i] 划破，抓破，划伤，抓伤（皮肤）to cut or damage your skin slightly with sth sharp |
I'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding. 我把腿抓出了血。 | |
Does the cat scratch? 这只猫抓人吗？ | |
She scratched herself on a nail. 她被钉子划了一下。 |
损坏表面damage surface
3. | [t] ~ sth （尤指意外地）擦破，划损，刮坏to damage the surface of sth, especially by accident, by making thin shallow marks on it |
Be careful not to scratch the furniture. 小心别刮坏家具。 | |
The car's paintwork is badly scratched. 车的漆面划损得很厉害。 |
造成╱去除痕迹make/remove mark
4. | [t] ~ sth + adv./prep. 刮出（或刮去）痕迹；划下（或擦去）痕迹to make or remove a mark, etc. on sth deliberately, by rubbing it with sth hard or sharp |
They scratched lines in the dirt to mark out a pitch. 他们在泥地上划出一个球场。 | |
We scratched some of the dirt away. 我们刮掉了一些脏东西。 | |
You can scratch my name off the list. 你可以把我的名字从名单上勾掉。 |
发出声音make sound
5. | [i] (+ adv./prep.) 刮（或擦、抓）出刺耳声to make an irritating noise by rubbing sth with sth sharp |
His pen scratched away on the paper. 他的笔在纸上沙沙地响。 |
生计a living
6. | [t] ~ a living 勉强维持生活to make enough money to live on, but with difficulty |
取消cancel
7. | [t][i] 取消；撤销；退出to decide that sth cannot happen or sb/sth cannot take part in sth, before it starts |
to scratch a rocket launch 取消火箭发射计划 | |
The horse was scratched from the race because of injury. 这匹马因伤被取消了比赛资格。 | |
She had scratched because of a knee injury. 她因膝伤退出了比赛。 |
IDM
scratch your head (over sth)
苦苦琢磨；苦思冥想；绞尽脑汁to think hard in order to find an answer to sth
scratch the surface (of sth)
作肤浅的探讨；浅尝辄止；隔靴搔痒to deal with, understand, or find out about only a small part of a subject or problem
you scratch my back and Ill scratch yours
礼尚往来；私相授受used to say that if sb helps you, you will help them, even if this is unfair to others
划痕；划伤mark/cut
1. | [c] （皮肤或物体表面上的）划痕，划伤a mark, a cut or an injury made by scratching sb's skin or the surface of sth |
Her hands were covered in scratches from the brambles. 她手上布满了荆棘划的口子。 | |
a scratch on the paintwork 漆面上的一道划痕 | |
It's only a scratch(= a very slight injury) . 不过是轻微的划伤。 | |
He escaped without a scratch(= was not hurt at all) . 他毫发未损地逃了出去。 |
声音sound
2. | [sing] 刮（或擦、抓）的刺耳声the unpleasant sound of sth sharp or rough being rubbed against a surface |
用指甲with your nails
3. | [sing] 挠痒；搔痒the act of scratching a part of your body when it itches |
Go on, have a good scratch! 来吧，好好挠一挠！ |
IDM
I learned German from scratch in six months. 我从零学起，六个月学会了德语。 |
They decided to dismantle the machine and start again from scratch. 他们决定拆掉机器，从头再来。 |
from scratch
从头开始；从零开始without any previous preparation or knowledge
I learned German from scratch in six months. 我从零学起，六个月学会了德语。 |
从头（做起）；从零开始from the very beginning, not using any of the work done earlier
They decided to dismantle the machine and start again from scratch. 他们决定拆掉机器，从头再来。 |
His work simply isn't up to scratch. 他的工作根本达不到要求。 | |
It'll take months to bring the band up to scratch. 得几个月工夫才能使乐队像个样子。 |
up to scratch
达到要求；合乎标准as good as sth/sb should be
His work simply isn't up to scratch. 他的工作根本达不到要求。 | |
It'll take months to bring the band up to scratch. 得几个月工夫才能使乐队像个样子。 |